What color would you call these?

Genetically, the first is ash-red bar with traces of third bar and white flight. Homer-talk is mealy or silver or sometimes red bar. As for the second bird, it is a grizzle white flight, and it looks to be a heterozygous grizzle with possibly undergrizzle as well and of course the white flights. Homer-talk - blue grizzle w/f.

Is the grizzle gene dominant? I thought you couldn't tell if a bird was dominant homozygous unless you knew their parents?

Yes, classic grizzle is dominant. (Homozygous refers to it having two copies of itself in the bird) dominant simply means that if a bird carrying the mutation
(grizzle) is paired to Wild-type (our standard - a blue bar), that the mutation (in this case grizzle) will appear in the offspring. If you have a homozygous grizzle (carries two genes for grizzle) mated to a wild-type bird, then 100
% of the young will be grizzle. If you have a heterozgyous grizzle (carries one gene for grizzle only) then 50% of the young of both sexes will be grizzle and 50% will be wild-type (non-grizzle).

You can sometimes tell if a classic grizzle bird is homozygous because it often tends to go almost white across the wingshield and body with pigment mainly showing up in the wing tips and tail tips only. Heterozygous grizzles are the "classic" dragoon grizzle color (blue bars with grizzling.)

Frank